Sains Malaysiana 52(7)(2023): 1967-1976

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-06

Exogenous Giberellic Acid Stimulates Bulb Dormancy Breaking and the Role of Paclobutrazol in Maintaining the Size of Harvested Bulb of Lily (Lilium sp.) cv. Tisento

(Asid Giberellik Eksogen Merangsang Pemecahan Dorman Bebawang dan Peranan Paklobutrazol dalam Mengekalkan Saiz Bebawang Lili (Lilium sp.) kv. Tisento yang Dituai)

SITI NUR ANISAH¹, DIAH RATNADEWI²* & ENCE DARMO JAYA SUPENA²

¹Plant Biology Graduate Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,

IPB University, Jl. Agatis, Dramaga Campus. Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, Dramaga Campus. Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia

Received: 1 December 2022/Accepted: 27 June 2023

Abstract

Lilies are increasingly demanded in Indonesia. However, the production of lily seedlings in Indonesia still needs to be improved, causing a strong dependence on imported bulbs as the planting material and low competitiveness in foreign flower markets. Insufficient lily production is due to the decreasing quality of the bulb as the planting material and the time required for vernalization to break the bulb dormancy. The study aimed to accelerate the time of bulb dormancy breaking and maintain the size of the lily bulb to get an efficient flower production with good quality. The research was conducted in a greenhouse during the rainy and dry seasons. Various exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations with different soaking times were applied to lily bulbs to shorten the dormancy period. The most efficient treatment was soaking the bulbs in 100 mg/L of GA3 for 16 hours, from 19-20 weeks to 12-13 weeks. Further, paclobutrazol (PBZ) was sprayed on the plants to decelerate vegetative growth and grow bulb size. The results showed that GA3 could partly substitute vernalization to break bulb dormancy, and PBZ maintained the bulb size after plant harvesting. Additionally, the plant height was suppressed, and the stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll, and bulb carbohydrate content were significantly increased under 300 mg/L PBZ treatment, resulting in the bulbs' bigger size.

Keywords: Gibberellin; paclobutrazol; planting materials; plant quality; vernalization

Abstrak

Bunga lili semakin mendapat sambutan di Indonesia. Walau bagaimanapun, pengeluaran anak pokok lili di Indonesia masih perlu dipertingkatkan sehingga menyebabkan kebergantungan tinggi terhadap bebawang import sebagai bahan tanaman dan daya saing yang rendah di pasaran bunga luar negara. Pengeluaran bunga lili yang tidak mencukupi adalah disebabkan oleh penurunan kualiti bebawang sebagai bahan penanaman dan masa yang diperlukan untuk vernalisasi untuk memecahkan dorman bebawang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mempercepatkan masa pecah dorman bebawang dan mengekalkan saiz bebawang teratai untuk mendapatkan pengeluaran bunga yang cekap dengan kualiti yang baik. Kajian ini dijalankan di rumah hijau semasa musim hujan dan kemarau. Pelbagai kepekatan asid giberelik eksogen (GA3) dengan masa rendaman yang berbeza digunakan pada bebawang lili untuk memendekkan tempoh dorman. Rawatan yang paling berkesan ialah merendam bebawang dalam 100 mg/L GA3 selama 16 jam, dari 19-20 minggu hingga 12-13 minggu. Selanjutnya, paklobutrazol (PBZ) disembur pada tumbuhan untuk melambatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan membesar saiz bebawang. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa GA3 sebahagiannya boleh menggantikan vernalisasi untuk memecahkan dorman bebawang dan PBZ mengekalkan saiz bebawang selepas penuaian tumbuhan. Selain itu, ketinggian tumbuhan telah ditindas dan diameter batang, klorofil daun dan kandungan karbohidrat bebawang telah meningkat dengan ketara di bawah rawatan PBZ 300 mg/L, menghasilkan saiz bebawang yang lebih besar.

Kata kunci: Bahan penanaman; giberelin; kualiti tumbuhan; paklobutrazol; vernalisasi

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*Corresponding author; email: dratnadewi@apps.ipb.ac.id